What can an exam tell you about a sore knee?

What can the exam show?

The doctor watches you walk and bend the knee, then checks strength, swelling, tender spots, and how far your knee moves.

An X-ray can show whether cartilage has worn thin. When it has, the bones sit closer together, and the smaller dark space helps show how much wear is present.

The exam may suggest where the soreness begins, but it can't always name one exact cause.

Name the task that has become hard for you. Trouble with stairs, sleep, or a short walk gives the exam a clear focus.

What does a stem cell knee injection tell you?

A procedure cannot tell why your knee is sore, since the likely cause comes from your history, exam, and useful images.

QC Kinetix offers non-surgical regenerative treatments, which are clinic procedures using material taken from you and prepared there for the aching joint. The medical provider, meaning the licensed examiner, checks the knee before discussing them. Ask whether that examiner is a doctor.

Research has compared treatments made from bone marrow, fat, or cord tissue with a steroid treatment. People in all groups often reported less soreness, but the studies haven't shown that these treatments delay knee replacement.

What is known before you choose?

Exercise, therapy, medicine, a brace, or a walking aid can also ease soreness. A doctor can help match those choices to your knee and health.

Before a clinic procedure, have the staff name what goes into your joint. Also ask who will do it, what it will cost, and what the first days may involve.

Choose one daily task to follow afterward, such as using stairs. No study can tell you exactly how your own knee will respond.

Sources

1. A double-blind randomized trial testing whether adding bone marrow aspirate concentrate to arthroscopic partial meniscectomy improves outcomes in patients with early knee osteoarthritis used the IKDC score at one year as its primary endpoint, with Kellgren-Lawrence grade as a radiographic secondary.

   Yanke AB, et al. — A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial to Investigate the Efficacy of Autologous Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate During Arthroscopic Meniscectomy in Patients With Early Knee Osteoarthritis. Am J Sports Med, 2024. DOI: 10.1177/03635465241275647.

2. In a 480-patient, four-arm, multicenter randomized phase 2/3 trial, none of three orthobiologic cell injections - autologous bone marrow aspirate concentrate, autologous adipose stromal vascular fraction, or allogeneic umbilical cord tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells - was superior to any other, or to a corticosteroid injection control, on pain at 12 months.

   Mautner K, et al. — Cell-based versus corticosteroid injections for knee pain in osteoarthritis: a randomized phase 3 trial. Nat Med, 2023. DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02632-w.

3. MACI is FDA-licensed (STN BL 125603, Vericel Corporation) and is indicated for the repair of symptomatic, single or multiple FULL-THICKNESS cartilage defects of the knee with or without bone involvement in adults - a focal defect repair performed surgically, not a treatment for osteoarthritis and not an injection.

   US Food and Drug Administration — MACI (autologous cultured chondrocytes on porcine collagen membrane). , 2016.

4. The AAOS Surgical Management of Osteoarthritis of the Knee clinical practice guideline sets out 16 recommendations and seven options for surgical management based on a systematic review of the published evidence - the reference point for when a joint has moved past the injectable tier.

   Srivastava AK, et al. — American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Clinical Practice Guideline Summary of Surgical Management of Osteoarthritis of the Knee. J Am Acad Orthop Surg, 2023. DOI: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-23-00338.

5. A 2025 systematic review and meta-analysis of 8 randomized trials in 502 patients found intra-articular mesenchymal stem cells improved WOMAC scores versus control at 6 months (MD 7.44, 95% CI 1.45-13.42) and 12 months (MD 10.31, 95% CI 0.96-19.67), with wide confidence intervals and a small pooled sample.

   Cao M, et al. — Efficacy and safety of mesenchymal stem cells in knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Stem Cell Res Ther, 2025. DOI: 10.1186/s13287-025-04252-2.

6. In a prospective randomized trial of 90 patients with Kellgren-Lawrence grade 1-3 knee osteoarthritis, bone marrow aspirate concentrate produced outcomes equivalent to - not better than - leukocyte-rich platelet-rich plasma through 24 months.

   Anz AW, et al. — Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate Is Equivalent to Platelet-Rich Plasma for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis at 2 Years: A Prospective Randomized Trial. Am J Sports Med, 2022. DOI: 10.1177/03635465211072554.

7. A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of allogeneic culture-expanded adipose MSCs in stage III knee osteoarthritis kept blinding for 12 months and followed the treatment arm to 60 months, reporting only mild transient adverse events - but only 29 subjects completed, 8 of them in the placebo arm.

   Jafar H, et al. — Intra-articular allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cell injections for stage III knee osteoarthritis: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial with 60-month follow-up. Stem Cells Transl Med, 2026. DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szag018.

8. FDA states in its consumer alert that the only FDA-approved stem cell products in the United States are blood-forming stem cells derived from umbilical cord blood, approved for disorders of the blood-forming system, and that NONE of these products - stem cells, stromal vascular fraction, umbilical cord blood, Wharton's jelly or amniotic fluid - has been approved for the treatment of any orthopedic condition, including osteoarthritis, tendonitis, disc disease, tennis elbow, back pain, hip pain, knee pain, neck pain or shoulder pain.

   US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research — Consumer Alert on Regenerative Medicine Products Including Stem Cells and Exosomes. , 2020.